holiday

1. A holiday is a day when people do not go to work or school because of a religious or national celebration. 公众假日

假日（holiday）是人们因为宗教或国家庆典而不去上班或上学的日子。

New Year's Day is a public holiday.

元旦是公休日。

2.A holiday is a period of time during which you relax and enjoy yourself away from home. People sometimes refer to their holiday as their holidays. (外出度过的) 假期

假日（holiday）是你离开家放松和享受的一段时间。

During his summer holiday he visited Russia.

暑假期间他游览了俄罗斯。

3.The holidays are the time when children do not have to go to school. (学校的) 假期

假期（holidays）是孩子们不用上学的时间。

4. If you have a particular number of days' or weeks' holiday, you do not have to go to work for that number of days or weeks. (工作) 假期

如果你有特定天数或周的假期（holidays），你就不需要在这几天或几周内工作。

The French get five to six weeks' holiday a year.

法国人一年有5到6周的假期。

5. If you are holidaying in a place away from home, you are on holiday there. (外出) 度假

如果你在离家很远的地方holiday（作动词），你就是在那里度假。

Myles holidayed in Jamaica.

迈尔斯在牙买加度了假。

vacation

1.A vacation is a period of time during which you relax and enjoy yourself away from home. 休假

假期（vacation）是你离开家放松和享受的一段时间。

They planned a late summer vacation in Europe.

他们计划了一个夏末在欧洲的休假。

2. A vacation is a period of the year when schools, universities, and colleges are officially closed. (学校的) 假期

假期（vacation）是一年中（中、小）学校、大学和学院正式关闭的一段时间。

3. If you have a particular number of days' or weeks' vacation, you do not have to go to work for that number of days or weeks. (工作中的) 假期

如果你有特定天数或周的假期（vacation），你就不需要在这几天或几周内工作。

4. If you are vacationing in a place away from home, you are on vacation there. 度假

如果你在一个远离家的地方vacation（作动词），你就是在那里度假。

美国英语母语人士点评：

In the US, a holiday is a single special day of celebration. A holiday is celebrated by a lot of people. For example, Christmas is a holiday.

在美国，节日（holiday）是一个特殊的庆祝日子。节日是由很多人庆祝的。例如，圣诞节是一个节日。
A vacation is when you take time off from work or school. For example, I'm going on vacation next week. 假期是指你从工作或学习中抽出时间。例如，我下周要去度假。

In British english: holiday can be used for both.

在英式英语中:holiday可以用于两种情况。
"Christmas is a holiday." “圣诞节是一个节日。”
"I'm going on holiday next week." “我下周要去度假。”